Compiled by

Richard Howitt

Human Geography

School of Earth Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia

Current Search:

CHINA; MEDIA; PHILIPPINES; POWER; SCALE; TELECOMMUNICATIONS; TERRITORIES; USA

<Representations of space have not elicited much attention in the social sciences as non-geographers have, by and large, adopted specific representations through tacit assumption rather than explicit adoption. The purpose of this essay is to open up debate over how geographical space is regarded in contemporary social science by identifying some dominant conceptions of space and relating them to dominant conceptions of scale and culture which condition them. The essay is organized as follows: first the broad connections between conceptions of space, scale and culture are outlined; second, some specific representations of space are described; third, a 'counter-representation' of space in the form of a concept of place based on recent work in cultural geography is briefly described as an alternative to dominant representations. Some possible reasons are suggested for its absence from contemporary social science.>

CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY; CULTURE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; PLACE; REPRESENTATION; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; STRUCTURALISM; WAYS OF SEEING

CULTURE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; LOCALITY; NEIGHBOURHOOD; PLACE; POLITICS; REPRESENTATION; SPACE; STRUCTURALISM

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; ITALY; PLACE; POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY; POLITICS; REGIONAL POLICY; REGIONAL RESTRUCTURING; REGIONALISM; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; INDUSTRIALISATION; REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GLOBAL; LOCAL; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL THEORY

<It has recently been argued that the consolidation of a globally integrated economy restricts the ability of governments to intervene effectively in the development of their national economies. As a result, the nation staes are said to be transferring their power both upwards to supra-national institutions such as the EC and downwards by conceding power to regional governments, within the EU the concept of a 'Europe of regions' representing an emerging division of responsibilities between Union-level authorities and regional institutions is this seen as some corollary of moves towards economic and monetary union, as the role of the nation state wanes. In this paper we question whether such a 'Europe of regions' is in fact emerging and whether it is likely to be of advantage to the less favored regions. We point to the enduring importance of the nation state as an arena for economic policy formulation and explore what might be the content of a new national approach to regional economic policy.>

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY; EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; NATION STATE; PLANNING; POLICY-MAKING; REGIONAL POLICY; REGIONALISM

<While Western European countries are sacrificing a significant degree of national sovereignty to form a single union, there is also a vigorous resurgence of nationalist movements around the world, with competition for power, jobs and resources increasingly along ethical and religious lines. This leads Professor Benedict Anderson to conclude that the tendency is not towards a new world order at all, but to new world disorder. And the most powerful and subversive force working towards this disorder is the market.>

CULTURAL POLITICS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; IDENTITY; NATIONALISM; NEW WORLD DISORDER; NEW WORLD ORDER; POWER; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; STATE; WAYS OF SEEING

<Geographers currently are refocusing attention on the study of localities and regions. The new regional emphasis is based on the perceived need to establish a theoretically sophisticated approach to the study of regions. This paper argues that the concern for theoretical sophistication is worthy, but by no means in regional geography. Reconstructing the Lamarckian influences on Vidal's organistic general geography is the necessary first step to determining the contemporary lessons that may be drawn from this earlier attempt to establish a theoretically sophisticated regional geography.>

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; ORGANICISM; REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; VIDAL DE LA BLACHE

DEVELOPMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL; MINING; RESOURCES; THIRD WORLD

CORPORATIONS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; MINING; PAPUA NEW GUINEA; TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS

ENVIRONMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOMORPHOLOGY; HIERARCHY; PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY; RIVERS; VEGETATION

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY; LANGUAGE; PLACE; REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; SCALE

DEVELOPMENT; DEVELOPMENT NARRATIVE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; LOCAL; PARTICIPATION; POLICY; POLITICS; REGIONAL POLICY; SELF-DETERMINATION; STATE; SUSTAINABILITY

<This essay argues that pessimists, who fear increased social and economic polarisation and growing political instability as the outcome of NWO and global deregulation, are more likely to be right than optimists, who see a NWO as an opportunity for a 'peace dividend' to finance enhanced human welfare.>

GEOS303; GLOBAL; JUSTICE; NEW WORLD ORDER; OPTIMISM; PEACE; PESSIMISM; POLITICS; SCALE; WAYS OF SEEING; WORLD SYSTEMS

FUTURES; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; POSTMODERNISM; SOCIAL THEORY

<The term 'nation state' is too often deployed as both a generic term for the state apparatus and a distinct spatial scale. This produces a degree of conceptual slippage. This essay argues that currently unfolding transformations of state form associated with shifts along divergent spatial scales.>

COLD WAR; EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GERMANY; LOCALITY; NEW WORLD ORDER; PLACE; POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY; POLITICS; POWER; REGIONAL RESTRUCTURING; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; TERRITORIALITY; WORLD SYSTEMS

ARTICULATION; CAPITALISM; DEVELOPMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL; MARGINALISATION; MARXISM; POLITICS; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL THEORY; TRANSITION

<Any discussion of the state and ethnicity must be able to take account of the causal role played by patterns of cultural pluralism in societies in influencing the elite composition, national ideology and institutional structure of the state; but it must also recognise the consequences of variations in state character upon the development of ethnic consciousness. The distinctions made might provide a starting point for such an exercise.>

CULTURE; ETHNIC-GROUPS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; IDEOLOGY; NATION STATE; NATIONALISM; STATE

CASE STUDY; ETHNOGRAPHY; FIELDWORK; GEERTZ; KNOWLEDGE; METHODOLOGY; PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION; POWER; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; SOCIOLOGY; VALUES

CASE STUDY; CURRICULUM; EDUCATION; ETHNOGRAPHY; FIELDWORK; GEERTZ; KNOWLEDGE; METHODOLOGY; PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION; POWER; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; SOCIOLOGY; TEACHING; VALUES

EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; MAPS; RESOLUTION; STATISTICS

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; INSTITUTIONS; LOCAL GOVERNMENT; POLITICS; POWER; SOCIAL THEORY

ECONOMICS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE

<Though always more exposed than many other countries to the vicissitudes of international competition, Australia seems to have become increasingly vulnerable to the pressures accompanying global restructuring. This much is evident in the patterns of foreign debt, the balance of payments and trade. Performance of macro-economic indicators obscures, however, the pressures global restructuring has bought against the integrity and efficacy of our major institutions. Not only have there been serious questions raised about the usefulness of the centralised arbitration system in the context of global restructuring, the Australian labour movement itself faces an uncertain future. Notwithstanding the claimed virtues of an enterprise-based labour relations system, there are good reasons to suppose that a decentralised system would have its own problems in accommodating rapid economic change. In this respect, the search for an American-style decentralised institutional regime may be ill-advised; more useful may be an enhanced capacity to adjust within the current framework of Australian labour relations.>

ECONOMICS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL; INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS; LABOUR; POLICY; REGULATION; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL CHANGE; UNIONS

<This paper provides an accessible overview of issues of cumulative impact assessment. It is focused on the USA. It argues cumulative assessment is best done on a program or policy scale rather than project-by-project. It is largely focused on biophysical environmental issues rather than social impacts.>

CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; METHODOLOGY; RESEARCH METHODS

CLIMATE CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL; INTERDISCIPLINARY

CLIMATE CHANGE; FORECASTING; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; INTERACTION; PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY; SPACE; TIME; WEATHER

<This paper introduces a special edition of 'Scientific American' focused on ecologically sustainable development and the challenge of managing systems for sustainability.>

ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY; ECOLOGY; ENGINEERING; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT; GREENHOUSE; HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE; POLICY; POLLUTION; POPULATION ISSUES; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; SCALE; SCIENCE; SPACESHIP EARTH; SUSTAINABILITY; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT; WAYS OF SEEING; WAYS OF THINKING

<The concept of homeland has attracted little attention until now in American cultural geography, but it may offer meanings beyond those associated with culture areas or regions. This article considers homelands in light of other types of ethnic space and the criteria by which geographers recognise homelands in America. Indigenity, exclusivity, cultural vitality, resilience, and scale are major elements that form the foundation of a homeland, and, because they are necessary prerequisites, only a few cultural groups have up to date developed recognizable ethnic homelands in the United States.>

CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY; CULTURE; ETHNIC-GROUPS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; HOMELANDS; USA

ECONOMICS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL; INDUSTRIAL LOCATION; LABOUR; LOCALITY; RESTRUCTURING; SCALE

EMPIRICISM; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; LOCALITY; MARXISM; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; LABOUR; LOCAL; LOCALITY; SCALE; SENSE OF PLACE; SOCIAL THEORY

<This paper explores the impasse in Marxist development studies and welcomes the impetus behind many of the new voices(including new voices from the periphery). It is also concerned with promoting a radically modernist post-Marxism in which the deepening logics of time-space compression that bind together the modern world economy are recognised and in which the obligations that some peoples and institutions should hold distant(and not so distant) strangers are voiced. Geography is also placed at the centre of an argument for a minimally universalist account of human needs and our responsibilities to them.>

DEVELOPMENTALISM; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; MARXISM; MODERNITY; POSTMODERNISM; PRAXIS; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE

<The book examines the emerging 'science of complexity' which is bringing together insights from quantum physics, mathematics, chemistry, biologiy computing and artificial intelligence studies. The argument is that despite its great intellectual power and practical success, conventional scientific reductionism is unable to adequately tackle issues of complexity at the contemporary frontiers of science and that new computing power and the intersection new physics, chemistry and biological theory provides a new paradigm of complexity. The book begins with the work of Turing and von Neumann and refers back to their work on many occasions. Despite its clarity in communicating a range of cutting edge scientific work, the book remains locked into a reductionist and descriptive ontology. It ignores the ethical implications until the final few pages and then deals with them very poorly - ignoring, for example, the implications of military funding of much of the work reported on in the text. There is a repeated assertion that the science of complexity is able to deal with social science issues such as the movement of stock markets, but this is naively argued and reflects a stunning ignorance of social science. In the end this is a frustrating and incomplete volume. The repeated use of a 'landscape' metaphor in which mathematical surfaces are described as 'landscapes' renders geography invisible and irrelevant - despite an overwhelming concern about scale (both geographical and otherwise). Scale (like so many other key issues/topics such as choice, freedom, justice, purpose, values, militarism) doesn't get an entry in the index!>

BIOLOGY; COMPLEXITY; EXPLANATION; QUANTUM PHYSICS; RESEARCH METHODS; SCALE; SCIENCE

<the recent US literature on urban politics has been characterized by significant convergence. There has also been a marked focus on the politics of local economic development and there has also been an attempt to situate that politics with respect to processes of globalization. In particular, the globalization of the economy and correlative hypermobility of capital are seen as exerting strong redistributive pressure pressures on urban communities. This is the 'new urban politics'. Evaluation of this thesis proceeds first by a critical interrogation of the related concepts of of hypermobility of capital, and immobility of urban communities. This results in a respecification of the question as one of local dependence and the scale at which agents are locally dependent. This in turn allows the new urban politics to be critically linked to arguments about the territorial organization of the state. From this standpoint it also appears that claims for a secular tendency towards the hypermobility of capital lack coherence.>

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL; GLOBALISATION; HYPERMOBILITY; LITERATURE REVIEW; LOCAL; SOCIAL THEORY; STATE; URBAN GEOGRAPHY; URBAN POLITICS

COMMUNITY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; LOCAL; POLITICS; RACISM; SOCIAL CHANGE; SPACE; URBAN GEOGRAPHY; USA

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; RESTRUCTURING; SCALE; SOCIAL CHANGE; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; THEORY; WAYS OF SEEING

<Managing in my homeland taught me to treasure the provincial as well as the universal.>

CORPORATE STRATEGY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBALIZATION; INDIA; MANAGEMENT; WAYS OF SEEING

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOMORPHOLOGY; HIERARCHY; PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY; PROCESS; SPACE; TIME

<'Geographic scale, referring to the nested hierarchy of bounded spaces of differing size such as local, regional, national and global, is a familiar and taken-for-granted concept for poltical geographers and political analysts. In much contemporary analysis of political organization and action, geographic scale is treated simply as different levels of analysis (from local to global) in which the investigation of poltical process is set. Recently this notion of geographic scale ... has been challenged. Geographers have shown that the geographic scale at which, for example, economic activities and political authority are constituted, is not fixed but periodically transformed.' (p93).

This brief essay introduces a special issue of Political Geography on geographical scale. Contents of the issue arelisted below (with relevant Papyrus #)

* Agnew (#2343) The dramaturgy of horizons: geographical scale in the 'reconstruction of Italy' by the new Italian parties, 1992-95.

* Leitner (#2344) Reconfiguring the spatiality of power

* Herod (#2435) Labor's spatial praxis and the geography of contract bargaining in the US east coast longshore industry, 1953-89

* Miller (#2346) Political action and the geography of defense investment>

[GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; PLACE; POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; LAND OWNERSHIP; MINING; MT KARE; OIL; PAPUA NEW GUINEA; POLICY; REGIONAL POLICY; SCALE; STATE

ANTHROPOLOGY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE

(School of Geography, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom)

DEVELOPMENT; DIALECTICS; ECONOMICS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GLOBAL; NATION STATE; SPACE; TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS

<The authors argue that as we write we are not just representing some geographic reality, we are also creating maeaning; writing is as much about context as it is about purported reality. The issue becomes not one of scientific truth as an end but the interpretation of cultural constructions as a means. Discussing authorial power, discourses of the other, texts and intertextuality, lansdscape metaphor, the sites of power-knowledge relations, and notions of community and sense of place, the authors explore the ways in which a more fluid and sensitive geographer's art can help us make sense of ourselves and the landscapes and places we inhabit and think about.>

CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY; CULTURAL STUDIES; CULTURE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; PLACE; REPRESENTATION; SENSE OF PLACE; TEXTUAL STRATEGIES; WAYS OF SEEING

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; LABOUR; LOCALITY; REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT; REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; REGIONAL INEQUALITY; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; LOCAL; LOCALITY; POWER; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE

<Important contributions have been made to understand the function of locality in the construction of cultural identity. Focus has variably been directed at the role of place and the role of aspects of social organisation in creating a symbolic bond between members of local communities. This article discusses contextual meanings of locality in Greenland and sketches possible implications for the symbolic integration of locality and nation. Proceeding by way of an outline of the importance of 'place' underlying social organisation of communities in the traditional-contact Inuit society, it is concluded that the symbolic importance of local communties is a function of their integration in the wider social structure.>

CULTURE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GREENLAND; IDENTITY; INUIT; LOCALITY; SENSE OF PLACE

<The dynamics of restructuring of capital over the last fifteen years produced new territorial realities. One fundamental aspect of this evolution, in the case of Greece, is the relative decrease of interregional inequalities and the strengthening and/or appearance of new intraregional disparities. A second group of developments consist of intensification of a series of spatial organisation problems that affect both urban and nonurban areas (land-uses' conflicts, environmenatl conditions, traffic). As far as the future is concerned, the determinant framework of the 1990's will be the process of European unification. Although the implications of the spatial dimension (regional policy, environmental policy, projected urban policy) of the EC policies will generally be beneficial, the broader implications of the above process seem more ambivalent. The main fields of concern are: difficulties in the participation of Greek Regions in the emerging Mediterranean arc of development; retardation of growth in rural areas (as a result of the new CAP) and the increase of intraregional inequalities; and aggravation of the conditions in the fields of land uses and the urban environment (because of increasing competition between the southern European regions, and between the European cities).>

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; EUROPEAN UNIFICATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GREECE; LAND USE; POLICY; REGIONAL POLICY; RESTRUCTURING; URBAN PLANNING

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; HOLISM; METAPHOR; MILITARISM; PACIFIC; POWER; SECURITY; SOCIAL THEORY; WAYS OF SEEING

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; HOUSING; LOCAL; LOCALITY; POWER; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; SWEDEN

DEVELOPMENT; FOUCAULT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; LATIN AMERICAN; NARRATIVE; POWER; RESISTANCE; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; TEXTUAL STRATEGIES

DEVELOPMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL; NATION STATE; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL CHANGE

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; GLOBAL; LOCAL; RESTRUCTURING; SCALE

AUSTRALIA; EMPLOYMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; LOCAL; POLICY; POLITICS; UK

AUSTRALIA; ECONOMICS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; LOCAL GOVERNMENT; MANUFACTURING; POLITICS; RESTRUCTURING; SCALE; STRATEGIES

CULTURE; DIVISION OF LABOUR; ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENT; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; POLICY; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL THEORY

CULTURE; DIVISION OF LABOUR; ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENT; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; LABOUR; POLICY; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL THEORY; WESTERN SYDNEY

CULTURE; ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENT; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; GLOBAL; LNG RELATIONS; RESTRUCTURING

BRYAN; CAPITALISM; ECONOMICS; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; GLOBAL; INTERNATIONALISATION; LOCAL; METHODOLOGY; NATION STATE; REGIONS; REGULATION; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL THEORY; SPATIAL DIVISIONS OF LABOUR

DIFFERENCE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; PLACE; POLITICS; POSTMODERNISM; POWER; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; URBAN GEOGRAPHY

<This chapter discusses the process of globalization and its effect on local cultures. The two notions of global and local cultures are seen as relational.>

CULTURE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL; LOCAL; POLITICS; RELATIONAL; SCALE; WAYS OF SEEING

INCOMPLETE; ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL; SCALE

ARTICULATION; CAPITALISM; DEVELOPMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; MARGINALISATION; MARXISM; SOCIAL THEORY; TRANSITION

<Scale is a fundamental variable in most community resource management programs. This is true both in terms of scale as a management concept (i.e. local, regional, and national level management) as well as mapping concept (i.e. units on the map per unit on the ground). Julian Steward, the father of human ecology, recognised as early as 1950 that social scientists have failed to develop methods for incorporating the effect of scale in their work. This article seeks to determine whether methods used in plant and animal ecology for assessing the effects of scale are applicable to community resource management. The article reviews hierarchy theory and multiple scales, two methods (one theoretical and the other practical) for dealing with problems that span many scales. The application of these methods to community resource management programs is examined by way of an example.>

COMMUNITY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; PARTICIPATION; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; SCALE; SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; SOCIAL THEORY

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOPOLITICS; GEOS303; MODERNISM; NEW WORLD ORDER; POSTMODERNISM; POWER; SCALE; SOCIAL MOVEMENTS; WAYS OF SEEING

CLASSIFICATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOMORPHOLOGY; HABITAT; HIERARCHY; PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY; STREAM; TEMPORAL SCALE

AUTONOMY; DEVELOPMENT; EMPOWERMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; POLITICS; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; THIRD WORLD

AUTONOMY; DEVELOPMENT; EMPOWERMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; POLITICS; POWER; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; THIRD WORLD

<This essay presents a provocative and pesimistic picture of the human condition at the end of the twentieth century. Many societies are seen to be caught up in a process of destructuration and deculturation - here defined as 'atomie' and 'anomie'. This is accompanied by a collapse and corruption of institutions, an isolation of individuals and the growing predominance of purely egotistical motivation for action. In the cultural sphere, modernization seems either to have entirely undermined religious belief or encouraged an intolerant fundamentalist backlash. One way to reverse this apparent slide toward anaomie might be to draw upon the connecting, unifying force of all tolerant and compassionate religions.>

FUTURES; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL; HISTORY; MARGINALISATION; OPTIMISM; RELIGION; SOCIAL THEORY; WAYS OF SEEING

COMMUNITY; EQUITY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL; LOCALITY; NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS; POLITICS; SOCIAL JUSTICE; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

EQUITY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL; NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS; POLITICS; SOCIAL JUSTICE; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

<This article is based upon theoretical and empirical findings of a series of research projects and debates. The argument is built upon the assumption that the relationships between local development and the forms of regulatory policies pursued at either the local or national level do not constitute an internally coherent and non-differentiated framework. Rather, regulatory frameworks are seen as consisting of open-ended processes which involve both structural and contingent elements in various combinations of contradictions and concensus, held together by their capacity to remain compatible with the requirements of social reproduction. The first section concerns the tendency of the new geography to move away from the once dominant issues of the restructuring of capital on a global scale and towards the upgrading of the locality and the specificity of place. The second section concentrates on the Greek experience of policy transformation and productive restructuring, where tension between the opposite forces of localisation and globalisation are examined. Finally, a detailed analysis of the nature and implementation of local policies provides an ilolustration of the trends which have made the locality and the local state the vehicles for those fragemented forms of regulation which have emerged during the crisis and restructuring of the mode of development.>

DEVELOPMENT; ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL; GREECE; LOCAL; LOCALITY; MODE OF REGULATION; PLACE; REGULATION; RESTRUCTURING; SPACE

AUSTRALIA; CAPITALISM; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; LABOUR; MANUFACTURING; RESTRUCTURING; SCALE

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; REGIONS; SOCIAL THEORY

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; STRUCTURALISM

<Regions and cities in southern Europe are facing major problems in the present phase of European integration. Current changes in their spatial division of labour seem not to have been adequately understood by national and EU policy makers as both are pre-occupied with the 'gap appraoch' and a linear view of the development process. The Maastricht Treaty pays little attention to non-economic, non-competition issues in general and to urban and regional issues in particular. Souther fringes struggled a century ago for their integration into their national states and economies. For various historical reasons, this project remained unfinished until the 1960s and 1970s. Now they have to start their struggle again under conditions of a zero sum game in a culturally unknown environment.>

CULTURE; EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GREECE; PORTUGAL; REGIONAL POLICY; REGIONALISM; SENSE OF PLACE; SPAIN; SPATIAL DIVISIONS OF LABOUR; URBAN GEOGRAPHY

<<This is an excellent paper which includes a useful typology of social movements>>

EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL; GREECE; ITALY; NATION STATE; PORTUGAL; REGIONALISM; RESTRUCTURING; SENSE OF PLACE; SOCIAL MOVEMENTS; SOCIAL THEORY; SPAIN

EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GREECE; REGIONALISM; SOCIAL THEORY; URBAN ISSUES

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; MAPPING; REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; REGIONAL POLICY; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY

DIFFERENCE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; PLACE; POLITICS; POSTMODERNISM; POWER; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; URBAN GEOGRAPHY

ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENT; ENVIRONMENTALISM; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS265; GEOS303; MARXISM; NATURE; POLITICS; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY

ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL; LABOUR; SCALE; STATE

<We had known for years that 1992 was going to be a landmark year in the history of regionalism in Europe, but not what mixed associations the date would hold. The Regional Studies Association decided, in the spirit of 1992, to hold its annual conference on the broad theme of regionalism and devolution in the United Kingdom, taken in the larger context of ever-closer union in Europe. The innocence and optimism of the proposal had to be qualified by intervening events by the time the conference occurred. This paper reviews the debates at the annual conference in the light of all that happened during the year.>

DEVOLUTION; EUROPE; EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT; REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; REGIONALISM; UNITED KINGDOM

<The 1990 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) asserted the reality of humanity's disturbance of the natural climate system, demanded studies to improve our knowledge of processes vulnerable to climatic changes, and called for policy responses to mitigate and adapt to these changes. Two fundamental issues are: how will global climatic change affect natural resources and human populations, and how will the impetus towards policy responses, particularly greenhouse gas emission reduction treaties, affect industry, the economy and trade? This paper reviews the status of numerical climate modelling especiaaly as it pertains to scenarios of the effects of human-enhanced greenhouse warming.>

CLIMATE CHANGE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GLOBAL; HIERARCHY; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; MODELLING; POLICY; REPRESENTATION; RESOLUTION; RESOURCES; SCIENCE

COMMUNITY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; LABOUR; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; NEGOTIATION; PLACE; POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY; POLITICS; POWER; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; TRADE UNIONS; USA

<After reviewing the historically specific characteristics of the modern nation state, this essay discusses both supranational and infranational forces which now work to undermine some of the powers and functions of even the oldest and most firmly established states. Two popular visions of alternative arrangements, associated with free market ultra-liberalism and the philosophy of 'small is beautiful', are rejected since neither the market nor decentralization or breakup of existing states can provide an adequate solution to their problems. As trends in economic development increase the likelihood that wealth will be generated by a smaller proportion of total populations, the redistributive function of the public sector is likely to become more important than ever.>

FUTURES; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; NATION STATE; NATIONALISM; POLITICS; SOCIAL THEORY; STATE; TERRITORIALITY; WAYS OF SEEING

DEMOGRAPHY; DEVELOPMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; GLOBAL; HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY; NATURE; PLACE; SOCIAL CHANGE; SPACE

CAPITALISM; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; MARXISM; POSTMODERNISM; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY

<This paper aims to offer an introduction to the scale concept as it is used in social and environmental sciences and to identify a number of traditions and critical interfaces in contemporary work on scale.>

CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENT; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; LNG RELATIONS; MAPS; MEASUREMENT; MODELLING

<Drawing on recent research on Aboriginal responses to restructuring in the Australian mining industry this paper reviews the relvance of locality studies to the empowerment of presently marginalized local groups. It argues for a methodology that does not isolate or privilege local scale concerns and which facilitates integrated analysis of social processes at various geographical scales simultaneously.>

ABORIGINES; ARTICULATION; AUSTRALIA; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GOVE; KALGOORLIE; LOCALITY; MARGINALISATION; METHODOLOGY; MINING; REGIONAL RESTRUCTURING; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL THEORY; TANAMI; WEIPA

ABORIGINES; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; INDIGENOUS PEOPLES; MARGINALISATION; MINING; REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT; WEIPA

ABORIGINES; DIALECTICS; EMPOWERMENT; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; HIERARCHY; INDIGENOUS PEOPLES; LOCAL-GLOBAL; MINING; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL THEORY

<In this paper Howitt argues the relevance of both regional discourses and geographical literacy to indigenous efforts to establish sustainable futures. He also argues that the continued dominance of developmentalism as an ideology in regional policies must be challenged both conceptually and politically if the opportunities presented by the current juncture of law, politics and identity are to allow movement towards indigenous and national futures which are ecologically sustainable, economically equitable, socially just and culturally diverse. In arguing these two positions, Howitt suggests that we all face dilemmas in 'getting the scale right', and that geography's concern with the interpenetration of geographical scales- local, national and global- needs to be seen as fundamental in shaping political discourses within and between indigenous, governmental and ethical domains.>

AUSTRALIA; DEVELOPMENTALISM; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; INDIGENOUS PEOPLES; MABO; POLITICS; SCALE; SOVEREIGNTY; SUSTAINABILITY

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; INDIGENOUS RIGHTS; NEGOTIATION; REGIONAL AGREEMENTS; SCALE; SOVEREIGNTY

<(Chapter 1) This book is intended to supplement an earlier volume where the focus was on mining and its impacts on indigenous peoples (Connell & Howitt 1991). Since that volume was completed, claims on and against the nation states of Australasia, Melanesia and South-East Asia by indigenous peoples have emerged as a crucial issue. At wider scales as well, globalisation of indigenous politics through forums such as the International Labour Organisation, the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations and the World Council on Indigenous Peoples, influences intra- and international relations. In this introductory chapter, the authors explore the context in which the specifics discussed in the following chapters occur. They argue that this context is simultaneously political, economic, cultural, biophysical and intellectual. It is also simultaneously local, national and global. For all the players in these situations, there is a need to come to terms with this context in all its complexity, rather than selectively privileging particular scales of analysis and action, or a limited range of causal factors or lines of action and response. It is hoped that this book, together with the earlier volume, provides a foundation for a deeper understanding of the issues that have been a source of misunderstanding, fear and tension throughout the region.>

AUSTRALIA; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOPOLITICS; GEOS303; INDIGENOUS PEOPLES; MELANESIA; NATION STATE; RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT; SOUTHEAST ASIA; SOVEREIGNTY

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; LOCAL-GLOBAL; MAPS; TEMPORAL SCALE

CONSUMPTION; CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY; CULTURE; DIFFERENCE; GENDER; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; PLACE; POLITICS; POSTMODERNISM; POWER; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; URBAN GEOGRAPHY

<This chapter concludes by outlining some of the lacunae in current research on consumption and by suggesting some ways of moving the argument forward. Firstly, studies of consumption need to take questions of gender seriously,they should not be reluctantly tacked-on, but rather should be fundamental to every stage of analysis, thus transforming the very object of study. Second, there is a need to rid the study of consumption from its overwhelming condescension towards the views of 'ordinary people'. Third is the question of method. Here there have been numerous recent experiments with textual strategy, but far too little concern with other phases of research, which are no less contentious.>

CONSUMPTION; CULTURAL POLITICS; GENDER; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; METHODOLOGY; RESEARCH; SOCIAL THEORY

<From the fifth century BC, when Pythagoras first composed his laws of western music, until the flowering of Romanticism over two thousand years later, scientists and philosophers perceived the cosmos as a stately orders mechanism whose sooth operation created a celestial harmony - the music of the spheres. The gradual separation of science and music reached a peak with the Romantic period, celebrting in music that which was human, individual and local, while science concentrated on dividing, dissecting and numbering. For the first time in history, human stars - famous artists, scientists, musicians - supplanted the celestial ones. Today, argues Jamie James, he Romantic idea has been rejected and the ultimate focus is again placed outside the reach of human reason. The quantum universe of Einstein, the savage unconscious of Freud and the music of Schoenberg, Stravinsky and Glass all seem to reflect the classical idea that we are driven by forces beyond our control.>

EPISTEMOLOGY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; HARMONY; METAPHOR; MUSIC; SCIENCE

EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; MARXISM; NATION STATE; POLITICS; SOCIAL THEORY

<The globalization of politics and economics in recent years has, among other things, multiplied the strategic options available to sub-national minorities attempting to induce domestic policy shifts which match their political aspirations. In particular, indigenous peoples throughout the world have appealed to international bodies and conventions to bring external pressure to bear on their governments. The essential purpose of international lobbying is to enhance the legitimacy of aboriginal claims at the superstate level by crafting international covenants and standards for the treatment of indigenous peoples. This paper analyses the internationalisation of Canadian aboriginal politics in recent years. It is intended to illustrate the wide range of activities in which aboriginal peoples have engaged at the international level. It also evaluates the efficacy of actions aimed at different international organizations and external actors by focusing on the development of international coalitions among indigenous peoples, the use of international organizations such as the United Nations, the International Labour Organization, the Organization of American States, the European Community, and the enrolment of external actors in resource disputes, as exemplified by the James Bay Crees' successful lobbying of American governments and publics to stop the Great Whale Hydroelectric project. The internationalization of aboriginal politics is ultimately seen as a challenge to governmental sovereignty over domestic policy. The paper suggests that (a) nation-states do not have moral authority to act upon their populations without reference to international norms and values; and (b) external actors have the right and even duty to intervene in domestic policies concerning aboriginal peoples who characterize themselves as 'nations' in their own right.>

CANADA; CREE; EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL; GRANDE BALEINE; GREAT WHALE; INDIGENOUS PEOPLES; INDIGENOUS RIGHTS; INTERNATIONALISATION; JAMES BAY; LEGISLATION; RESOURCE RIGHTS; SOVEREIGNTY; TREATIES; UNITED NATIONS; USA; WCIP

DEMOCRACY; EUROPE; FEDERALISM; GEOS303; HUMAN RIGHTS; IDENTITY; NATIONALISM; NEW WORLD ORDER; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY

(Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, 103 Bricker Hall, 190 North Oval Mall, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1361, USA)

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY; LOCALITY; POLITICS; REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY

COMMUNITY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; INDUSTRIALISATION; LOCAL; POLITICS; SOCIAL CHANGE; URBAN GEOGRAPHY; USA

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; LOCAL; METAPHOR; POLITICS; REPRESENTATION; SPACE

<The concept of spatial integration refers to various forms of institutional control over the social and technical aspects of the division of labour in respect to the corresponding geographical or spatial patterns of production. It is a specific feature of late capitalism that the process of integration acquires a non-territorial character as the evolution of functional (corporate and sectoral) integration leads towards the disarticulation of territorial productive systems. As the various local, regional, or national interests realise the negative effects of their dependence upon international branch circuits, they demand greater autonomy and strive towards achieving greater territorial self-reliance. In this way, the social, political and economic conflicts and contradiction about the location of productive activities (ie spatial aspects of the ownership and control of the means of production) become the major force behind the transformation of the internaional division of labour.>

CORPORATIONS; ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GREECE; INTERNATIONAL; LOCALITY; MODE OF PRODUCTION; STATE; TERRITORY

<The enlargement and the integration of the European community in the 1980's is of profound significance for the present - and the future- citizens of Europe. Geographically the community is characterised by marked centre-periphery regional economic and socail disparities. Current processes of deindustrialisation, reindustrialisation and tertiarisation are however rapidly changing regional patterns in complex ways. New firm and high-technology growth in less-industrialised areas is one important example. Some recent convergence of centre-periphery disparities is evident. But the major increase in EC regional policy funding agreed in February 1988 is needed.>

DEINDUSTRIALISATION; EUROPE; EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; REGIONS; REINDUSTRIALISATION

CORPORATIONS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL; INTERNATIONAL; SCALE; TRADE; TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS

ANTHROPOLOGISTS; ANTHROPOLOGY; BHP; CORPORATIONS; ENVIRONMENT; ETHICS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; MINING; NIGERIA; OK TEDI; PAPUA NEW GUINEA; SHELL OIL; TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS

<Citizenship has once again become a major item on political agendas at a time of increasing integration and closure around 'the European', especially in response to immigration and its consequences for national identity. This article outlines the different models and traditions of citizenship and their re-evaluations in contemporary Europe.>

CITIZENSHIP; EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; MARGINALISATION; POLITICS; SUBSIDIARITY

<This paper provides a method of incorporating cumulative impact assessment into project-specific environmental assessments. It argues the need for such an approach is rooted in the prevalance of project-by-project evaluation and the need to include cumulative consequences of individual projects in environmental planning procedures on a wider scale.>

CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; METHODOLOGY; PROJECT EVALUATION; RESEARCH METHODS; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; SPACE

EUROPE; EUROPEAN UNIFICATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; MIGRATION; PLACE; POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY; POLITICS; REGIONAL RESTRUCTURING; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE

BOOK REVIEW; DIALECTICS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; PLACE; ROBERT SACK; SENSE OF PLACE

ECOLOGY; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE

<The logic of drawing political borders and defining national territory in space as it has been articulated by the theory of political realism is questioned in this paper. At the same time, the dynamics of globalization operating in high-technology informational production systems as well as media-intensive mass consumption systems are re-examined in order to reconsider their impact on local cultural and social environments. It is concluded that new understandings of territoriality are developing in such informationalized spaces, posing new challenges to those providing security, identity, and stability to contemporary communities experiencing the impact of globalization.>

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; GLOBAL; INTERNATIONALISATION; LOCAL; NEW WORLD ORDER; POLITICS; POWER

<World economies are depleting stocks of ecological capital faster than the stocks can be replenished. Yet economic growth can be reconciled with the integrity of the environment.>

ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY; ECOLOGY; ECONOMIC ISSUES; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT; GREENHOUSE; HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE; POLICY; POLLUTION; POPULATION ISSUES; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; SCALE; SCIENCE; SPACESHIP EARTH; SUSTAINABILITY; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT; WAYS OF SEEING; WAYS OF THINKING; WCED

ENVIRONMENT; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOMORPHOLOGY; GEOS303; PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY; STREAM

CAPITALISM; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; REGIONALISM; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL THEORY

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; REGIONS; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL THEORY; STRUCTURALISM; UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT

<The paper discusses the nature of the 'regional problem'. It argues that a number of common assumptions about regional inequality are ill-founded. In particular it argues that many frequently used approaches imply implicity or explicitly, that such problems are purely questions of geographical distribution and that the crucial questions in their analysis concern the nature of changes in spatial surfaces. This position is reflected in policy formulations etc. An alternative view of the generation of regional inequality is suggested. This is based on concepts of division of labour and explicitly relates geographical distribution to production.>

DIVISION OF LABOUR; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; INDUSTRIAL LOCATION; LOCALITY; REGIONAL INEQUALITY; REGIONAL POLICY; REGIONS; STRUCTURALISM; UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT

<Industrial change is also social change. This article examines the impact of two very different kinds of area and the entry of new forms of economic activity. It points out that although in each case the new industry was the same (branch plants employing women in low paid unskilled work), the social effects were very different. In one kind of region the old basis of the the labour movement is being undermined, in the other the division between labour and capital may be becoming clearer. The social processes of the reproduction of spatial inequality are examined and it is shown how class and other divisions - such as those based on gender - are at the heart of this dynamic.>

CLASS; DIVISION OF LABOUR; EMPLOYMENT; GENDER; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; INDUSTRIALISATION; LOCALITY; REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT; REGIONAL POLICY; REGIONS; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; WOMEN

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; LOCALITY; NATURE; SENSE OF PLACE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY; EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; INDUSTRIAL LOCATION; LOCAL; MARXISM; METHODOLOGY; PLACE; POLITICS; RESTRUCTURING; SENSE OF PLACE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; STRUCTURALISM; UK; UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; LOCALITY; REGIONS; RESTRUCTURING; SPACE

EXPLANATION; GENDER; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; LOCAL-GLOBAL; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; TEMPORAL SCALE; WAYS OF SEEING

FEMINISM; GENDER; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; MARXISM; RADICAL GEOGRAPHY; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE

DIFFERENCE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; LOCALITY; PLACE; POLITICS; POSTMODERNISM; POWER; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; URBAN GEOGRAPHY

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; LOCALITY; METHODOLOGY; PLACE; SOCIAL THEORY

<This chapter discusses the changing relationship between the notions of 'local' and 'community'.>

COMMUNITY; DOREEN MASSEY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; IDENTITY; LOCAL; SENSE OF PLACE

<In this paper Massey reflects upon the project of radical democracy as devloped by Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau, and in particular on Mouffe's article "Post -Marxism, democracy and identity". In the first part of the paper she considers some interesting parallels between the project of radical democracy and certain recent lines of thought within geography, and argue that the two areas of work could helpfully inform each other. In the second part of the paper she raises some general issues about radical democracy, including questions of identity, anti-essentialism and universalism.>

CHANTAL MOUFFE; DEMOCRACY; ERNESTO LACLAU; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; IDENTITY; POWER; SENSE OF PLACE; SPACE

EMPLOYMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; INTERVENTION; LOCAL; POLICY; REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT; RESTRUCTURING; THIRD WORLD; UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT

(School of Earth Sciences, Macquarie University NSW 2109)

<That the choice of spatial frame may have a asignificant impact on the results of statistical analyses of areally aggregated data is widely recognised in principle, but generally ignored in practice. Data relating to New Zealand are employed to investigate the effects of using alternative spatial frames on factor analytic dimensions of social regional well-being and also the extent to which hypothesised causal influences of levels of well-being are frame specific. The implications of the findings for regional development policy and theory are briefly discussed.>

EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; METHODOLOGY; NEW ZEALAND; SOCIAL WELL-BEING; SPATIAL FRAME; STATISTICS

<Alain Touraine is a renowned French sociologist. In the 1960's he argued that we were becoming a post-industrial society, and in the 1970's and 1980's he explored the new conflicts characterizing the type of society, indicated by the development of what he called 'new social movements'.>

ALAIN TOURAINE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS; SOCIAL THEORY

ANTHROPOLOGY; CAPITALISM; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; MARGINALISATION; MARXISM; SOCIAL THEORY

EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; LOCAL-GLOBAL; NATURE; POWER; SOCIAL CHANGE; SPACE_

ANTHROPOLOGY; CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; MARGINALISATION; TEXTUAL STRATEGIES

<Drawing on the notions of material spatial practice and representations and counter-representations of such practice, the politics of defence investment during the Massachusetts Miracle is examined. Scale incongruities between the material practice of defense investment and the political representation of that investment are found. These incongruities are shown to affect the strategies adopted by Massachusetts peace organizations resisting the defense build up in the 1980s. In particular, peace groups failed to address the material implications of halting the arms race. The complex interaction of representations and material practices operating at a variety of scales led to the paradoxical situation in which peace organizations were able generate strong symbolic opposition to the defense build-up but were unable to persuade voters to adopt measures that would halt it.>

ARMS PRODUCTION; COLD WAR; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; MASSACHUSETTS; MILITARIZATION; MILITARY GEOGRAPHY; NEW WORLD ORDER; PLACE; POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY; POLITICS; POWER; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; USA

CONSERVATION; ENVIRONMENT; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOMORPHOLOGY; RIVERS; STREAM

<The end of the Cold War is marked by dramatic events like the reunification of Germanyn and the crisis of the continued exitence of the Soviet Union. Current changes alter the funadamental building blocks of international order and can be thought of as constituting a new geopolitical transition.>

EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOPOLITICS; GEOS303; INTERNAL RELATIONS; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; NATION STATE; NATIONALISM; NEW WORLD ORDER; POLITICS; RUSSIA

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; LAND OWNERSHIP; MINING; MT KARE; OIL; PAPUA NEW GUINEA; POLICY; REGIONAL POLICY; SCALE; STATE

EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; LATIN AMERICAN; POLICY; REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

CAPITALISM; CORPORATIONS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; INDUSTRIALISATION; LABOUR; LOCAL; RESTRUCTURING; SCALE; TECHNOLOGY

<The meaning of geopolitics is a curiously under-examined in 'critical geopolitics'. This paper seeks to outline and pursue a poststructuralist displacement of the concept, a displacement marked by hyphenization - geo-politics. Using Derrida's critique of Saussure, in the first part the paper interweaves the problem of meaning with the discourse of geography so as to write on the concepts of the 'map' and 'geography'. The second part explores the implications of this writing on or displacing for analysis of geographical discourse and /in global politics. The paper concentrates on three issues - 1) problematizing the traditional conceptual maps of geopolitics, 2) speculating on the historical problematic of geography and governmentality, and 3) suggesting a typology for the study of geo-politics which pays particular attention to how places are sighted/sited/cited by governmental institutions (geo-political sites).>

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOPOLITICS; GEOS303; INTERNATIONALISATION; MAPS; MARGINALISATION; PLACE; POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY; POWER; SENSE OF PLACE; TEXTUAL STRATEGIES; WAYS OF SEEING

<It is often claimed that the array of problems, from native land claims to the delicate nature of northern ecosystems, in northern Canada demands solutions which are as unique as the problems themselves: northern problems require northern solutions. IN this paper, this is accepted and taken as a starting point. The Canadian government through DIAND is responsible for administering much of the land and other resources in northern Canada. It has recently recognized the need for comprehensive planning and management of northern resources. A land use planning initiative headed by DIAND but dependent for its success on several other federal agencies will attempt to resolve the variety of conflicting demands on natural resource. A comparison with Ontario's recently-completed land use planning exercise reveals that the federal proposal, featuring policy determination at the cabinet level and implementation at the local or regional level, is a solution hich because of its structure is inappropriate for the complexities of northern resource management. The paper goes on to suggest several structural alternatives which are more in keeping with the unique social and ecological situations in the north.>

ARCTIC; CANADA; ECOLOGY; GEOS303; HIERARCHY; LAND USE; LEGAL ISSUES; NATION STATE; POLICY; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; SCALE; TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; TRADITIONAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; WAYS OF SEEING

EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOMORPHOLOGY

ECOLOGY; ENVIRONMENT; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; MAPS; MEASUREMENT; MODELLING

<This report examines issues related to regional development strategies and Aboriginal people in the NT's Top End, defined as the area covered by the Northern, Tiwi and Anindilyakwa Land Councils. It argues that regional development policies have been historically driven by bureaucratic-political agendas, which have removed the policies from local residents. This tendency has aggravated ambiguities over the purpose of regional development and the scale at which 'regions' exist. Large-scale development projects are often disarticulated from the local economies in which they are situated. Current 'best practice' strategies in mining and agriculture exacerbate this tendency.

Although Aboriginal people are often portrayed as being dependent on government funding (usually termed 'taxpayers' dollars'), this is a simplistic reading of Aboriginal economies. It ignores the substantial size of Aboriginal privately-owned companies. It neglects the dependency of regional economies and non-Aboriginal businesses on the 'Aboriginal economy'. Cuts in Commonwealth budget support for the NT, particularly to the Aboriginal sector, will have widespread consequences.>

[ANINDILYAKWA LAND COUNCIL; DEPENDENCY; DEVELOPMENTALISM; ECONOMIC CONDITIONS; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ECONOMICS; EMPLOYMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; IDEOLOGY; KATHERINE; LOCAL LABOUR MARKETS; MARGINALISATION; NORTHERN LAND COUNCIL; NORTHERN TERRITORY; NORTHERN TERRITORY GOVERNMENT; REGIONAL AGREEMENTS; REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT; REGIONAL ECONOMIES; REGIONAL POLICY; REGIONS; REPRESENTATION; TIWI LAND COUNCIL

<Almost every unpleasant dose of medicine which Australians have been asked to swallow over the last decade has been prescribed to promote something called 'restructuring'- a historic process which is held out as the only cure for all our economic and social ills. And it is not only our domestic institutions and practices which must be restructured, but our links to and place within a rapidly changing world- a process often referred to as 'globalisation'.>

AUSTRALIA; DEVELOPMENTALISM; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBALISATION; POLICY; RESTRUCTURING

ARTICULATION; DEVELOPMENT; DIFFERENCE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; LATIN AMERICAN; MARXISM; REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT; REGIONAL STUDIES; SCALE

ARGYLE; AUSTRALIA; DIAMONDS; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; INTERNATIONAL; KIMBERLEYS; SCALE; STATE; WESTERN AUSTRALIA

DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE

ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENT; ETHICS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; NATION STATE; NEW WORLD ORDER; POWER; SOCIAL THEORY; SOVEREIGNTY; STATE; WEALTH

BRITAIN; CULTURE; EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL; LOCAL; MASS-MEDIA; NEW WORLD ORDER; REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; RESTRUCTURING

<This paper draws upon the notion of cultural hybridity in order to be able to discuss two films made in the early 1970's by local groups in the East End of London. The paper argues that in order to understand how these films can be described as oppositional, their complex engagement with dominant discourses must be explored. Discussion of the films centres on contemporary definitions of 'community media' and on their realist aesthetic in order strategically to specify their oppositionality.>

COMMUNITY; CULTURAL POLITICS; FILM; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; IDEOLOGY; LONDON; SENSE OF PLACE; WAYS OF SEEING

<What policies can lead to the changes in behaviour - of individuals, industries and governments - that will allow development and growth to take place within the limits set by ecological imperatives>

ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY; ECOLOGY; ECONOMIC ISSUES; ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS; ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT; GREENHOUSE; HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE; POLICY; POLLUTION; POPULATION ISSUES; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; SCALE; SCIENCE; SPACESHIP EARTH; SUSTAINABILITY; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT; WAYS OF SEEING; WAYS OF THINKING; WCED

BARTOK; COMPLEXITY; COMPOSITION; DEBUSSY; HISTORY; METAPHOR; MUSIC; MUSIC THEORY; MUSICOLOGY; POLYPHONY; SCALE; SCHOENBERG; STRAVINSKY; TONALITY; WAYS OF SEEING

(Savage - Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, University of Keele, Keele ST5 5BG; Duncan - London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK)

BOUNDARIES; EPISTEMOLOGY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; LABOUR; LOCALITY; ONTOLOGY; SCALE; SPACE

<Produced with the Business Council for Sustainable Development, this volume considers whether industry and the environment are compatible. It provides an analytical framework and case studies to show how governments and companies can make ecological imperatives part of the market forces that govern production, investment and trade.>

ALCOA; BUSINESS; CAPITAL; CAPITALISM; CASE STUDIES; CHEMICALS INDUSTRY; COAL; CORPORATE CULTURE; CORPORATE ELITES; CORPORATE STRATEGY; CORPORATE STRUCTURE; CORPORATIONS; DEVELOPMENT NARRATIVE; DEVELOPMENTALISM; ENERGY; ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS; FORESTRY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT; GLOBAL POLICY; GREENHOUSE; GROWTH; IDEOLOGY; INTERNATIONAL LAW; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; INTERNATIONAL TREATIES; LEADERSHIP; MARKETS; SCALE; SUSTAINABILITY; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT; TECHNOLOGY; UNITED NATIONS

<The Satanic Verses is a postmodern magical realist novel written from a boundary site, a hybrid identity, by an author, born in India and writing in Britain, who is unwilling to accept either possible national identity.>

BOUNDARIES; CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; IDENTITY; LITERATURE; MARGINALISATION; METAPHOR; NATION STATE; NATIONALISM; POSTMODERNISM; SALMAN RUSHDIE; SOCIAL THEORY; STATE; TEXTUAL STRATEGIES; THE SATANIC VERSES; WAYS OF SEEING

DAMS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT; GLOBAL POLICY; GREENHOUSE; UNCED; WORLD BANK

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; METAPHOR; SOCIAL THEORY; SOCIOLOGY; SPACE; TEXTUAL STRATEGIES; WAYS OF SEEING

* Reference has 2 notecards *

Spatial metaphors

(1960. Silber 1995; ...enhanced rhetorical self-reflexivity has tended to undermine the appeal and validity not only of the more traditional "scientific" metaphors but also of the more recent, "humanistic" metaphors borrowed from the arts and literature. "Culture-as-text", or even as a "collection-of-texts" ... is nowadays no less under assault than either cybernetic or economic metaphors. And while postmodern writings are themselves characterized by a prolific use of metaphorical formulas of various sorts,... it is one of the effects of postmodern theory that theoretical and other sociological practicioners are now more aware than ever of the "dangers" and limitations of what I shall call here master metaphors -- that is, metaphors not simply used to adorn or enliven sociological writing otherwise notorious for its often unpalatable style but actually playing a central role in shaping and controlling sociological theory and research.)

Quote from page 324 of the text

[METAPHOR; POSTMODERNISM; SOCIOLOGY; TEXTUAL STRATEGIES

spatial metaphors

(1960. Silber 1995; If little has been done to analyze the metaphorical dimension of sociological theorizing in general, even less has been done with regard to spatial metaphors in particular. One reason for this is the double nature of spatial metaphors that makes them especially insidious and almost invisible: on the one hand, they tend to be much more abstract than such master metaphors as organism, text, theater, or even various economic metaphors such as market or capital; on the other hand, they are deeply intertwined with and thus harder to distinguish from their equivalents in ordinary language (for example, one's "fields" of interest, giving "space" to someone, respecting one's territory, transgressing boundaries, and so forth) and from the many spatial and ORIENTATIONAL categories (for example, high/low; horizontal/vertical; open/closed; internal/external; and so on) that inform our taken-for-granted, daily lexicon. Spatial metaphors, as a result, are less "visible" and catchy but also potentially more pervasive than most metaphors hitherto allowed to shape sociological writing.)

Quotation from pages 326-327, emphasis in original text

[METAPHOR; READING THE LANDSCAPE; SPACE

CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENT; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; MEASUREMENT; MODELLING

ANTHROPOLOGY; ETHNOGRAPHY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; MARGINALISATION; NATION STATE; NATIONALISM; POLITICS; SOCIAL THEORY; SOVEREIGNTY

COMMUNITY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; INDIGENOUS PEOPLES; LABOUR; LOCAL-GLOBAL; LOCALITY; MIGRATION; NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS; POLITICS; POSTMODERNISM; SENSE OF PLACE; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL THEORY; URBAN GEOGRAPHY

<The process of deindustrialization is place specific and is partly responsible for redefinition of regional structure and transformation of the basis, function and scale of regional differenetiation. Defined as secular, uncompensated devaluation of capital it is part of a larger spatial restructuring associated with economic crisis. Most participants in debates over deindustrialisation have assumed some form of class alliance is the best strategy for workers to pursue. This paper argues the oppisite.>

CLASS; DEINDUSTRIALISATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL; LOCAL; POLITICS; REGIONAL INEQUALITY; REGIONS; SOCIAL THEORY

EMPIRICISM; EPISTEMOLOGY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; LOCALITY; METHODOLOGY; NEW REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL THEORY

<The complexity of contemporary regional restructuring is not always apparent. It is the purpose of this paper to argue that while in the short term there is a clear geographical fragmentation of the American regional structure of the 1970s, a theoretical and historical perspective would suggest the reconstitution of regions at a higher scale. In the political sphere, there is a parallel sectionalism but this may be short lived. It is important in this period of growing global crisis to avoid a localist perspective on geopolitical and geoeconomic change.>

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL; LOCAL; NEW REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; POSTMODERNISM; REGIONS; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL THEORY; USA_

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; NEW REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; REGIONAL POLICY; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL THEORY

DIFFERENCE; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; POLITICS; POSTMODERNISM; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE

DIFFERENCE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; HOMELESSNESS; NEW YORK; PLACE; POWER; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; URBAN GEOGRAPHY; USA

<In order to understand the dimensions and significance of contemporary regional restructuring and in order to provide a coherent basis for a new regional geography it is vital that we tackle the question of geographical scale. We hypothesise that the scale at which economic regions are constituted is periodically transformed. We attempt to demonstrate this with respect to the coalscence in the postwar period of a single region comprising the Northern Core. While suggestive of complex changes in the regional scale, this inquiry also points towards further empirical research.>

DEINDUSTRIALISATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; NEW REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; REGIONS; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL THEORY; USA

ALTHUSSER; FOUCAULT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; METAPHOR; POLITICS; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE

<As a result of prospects unleashed by economic and political restucturing in Eastern Europe, the USSR, Latin America, Western Europe, Northeast Asia and North America, the l;ast decade of the century should bring vigorous economic growth to the world economy. Resource exporting countries such as Australia should benefit. This article surveys these global prospects and the prospective Australian setting in the 1990s.>

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL; MACROECONOMIC; NATIONALISM; POLICY; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; RESTRUCTURING

CAPITALISM; DIVISION OF LABOUR; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY; PHILOSOPHY; REGIONALISM; SOCIAL THEORY; SPACE; TIME; UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT

<This paper develops a conceptual framework of cumulative environmental change. It reviews key concepts and principles from environmental change theory (eg multiple causation, complex causation, interaction, expandable and permeable spatial boundaries, extended time horizons, time lags) and uses them to formulate a framework based on input-output analysis. The framework provides a tool to guide cumulative impacts assessment. The examples are drawn principally from Canada and the USA. The emphasis is on biphysical environmental impacts. The paper provides a useful overview of cumulative processes, but does not consider social issues.>

CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ECOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; METHODOLOGY; RESEARCH METHODS; SPACE

ECOLOGY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOPOLITICS; INTERDISCIPLINARY; INTERNATIONAL; POLITICS

BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; G.I.S.; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; USA

<Drawing on Neil Smith's work on the production of scale, and acknowledging the importance of constant change in the scaling of both material processes and discursive representations of those processes, Swyngedouw argues that 'theoretical and political priority ... never resides in a particular geographical scale, but rather in the process through which particular scales become (re)constituted.' Using examples from relations between capital and labour to illustrate his argument, he ultimately concludes that the politics of scale involves a rejection of the characteristic 'local-global' discourses in favour of an engagement with scale politics.>

CAPITAL; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GLOBAL; GLOBALIZATION; GLOCALIZATION; LABOUR; LOCAL; POLITICS; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY

<It is proposed to locate political geography within the holistic approach of political economy. The problem of defining the 'political' is seen as crucial for developing political geography and our conclusions point us away from recent excessive concentration upon the state. A geographical perspective is identified in terms of three scales of analysis found in many current textbooks. The political and geographical are brought together in a political economy of scale where the world-economy is the scale of reality, the state and the nation represent the scale of ideology and the city the scale of experience. the materialist framework offered specifies these geographical scales as structurally related in the form of ideology separating experience from reality.>

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; IDEOLOGY; MARXISM; MATERIALISM; POLITICAL ECONOMY; POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY; WORLD SYSTEMS

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOPOLITICS; GEOS303; MARXISM; POLITICS; SCALE; SOCIAL THEORY; STATE; TERRITORY

CULTURE; EUROPE; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOPOLITICS; GEOS303; GLOBAL; HISTORY; NATION STATE; POWER; SOCIAL THEORY; STATE; TERRITORIALITY

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; INDUSTRIAL LOCATION; SCALE; URBAN GEOGRAPHY

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; LAND OWNERSHIP; LOCALITY; POWER; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; SIA; SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; USA

<The geography of gender has become an accepoted field of study, but it still lacks a regional approach and has yet to be included in regional geography. From the locality to the world scale it is desirable for geographers to set gender in its geographical context. Regional description and comparison are desirable.>

CASE STUDIES; FEMINISM; GENDER; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; SOCIAL THEORY

CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY; EMPOWERMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; MINING; PAPUA NEW GUINEA; REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY

<This paper provides an account of the factors leading up to the final configuration of the environmental review of the Great Whale project, and the complex dynamics of provincial, indigenous and federal sovereignty in influencing the process and its outcomes. It focuses clearly on the Guidelines issued in 1992, and provides valuable insights into the inter-scalar dynamics that affected the guidelines and their interpretation.>

COMPENSATION; CREE; DAMS; ELECTRICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS; ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GREAT WHALE; GUIDELINES; HYDRO ELECTRICITY; HYDRO QUEBEC; HYDROPOWER; IDENTITY; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; INDIGENOUS RIGHTS; JAMES BAY; MEGAPROJECTS; MERCURY; POWER; QUEBEC; SEPARATISM; SOVEREIGNTY; WATER

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOPOLITICS; POLITICS

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOPOLITICS; INTERNATIONAL; MODERNISM; NEW WORLD ORDER; POSTMODERNISM; SCALE

<This paper examines the emergence of postmodernism within geography and its linkages to the localities debate.>

EPISTEMOLOGY; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; LOCALITY; ONTOLOGY; POSTMODERNISM; SOCIAL THEORY

EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; METHODOLOGY; SPACE

<Connections between R.M., war, colonialism,, trade and ecological crisis. Geopolitical, cultural, and poltical - economic forces in the gulf conflict.>

CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GLOBAL CONFLICT; INTERNATIONAL; MILITARISM; NEW WORLD ORDER; OIL; POLITICS; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; INDIANS; INDIGENOUS DEVELOPMENT; INDIGENOUS PEOPLES; JURISDICTIONS; LEGAL ISSUES; LEGAL RIGHTS; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; SCALE; STATE; USA

AUSTRALIA; BRITAIN; ECONOMICS; EMPLOYMENT; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOS303; GOVERNMENT; INDUSTRIALISATION; LABOUR; LOCAL; MACROECONOMIC; POLICY; SCALE; TAXATION

ECOLOGY; EXPLANATION; GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE

GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE; GEOGRAPHY; GEOS303; RESTRUCTURING; SOCIAL THEORY; STRUCTURALISM; UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT